Leadership

LEADERSHIP

-          Dr C. Lalengzama

Hruaitu chu tunge?

            Hruaitu hi mitam tak chuan a pianpui a ni an ti chawk a, a then tan chuan inzir thiam theih thil a ni tih hi an pawmawm ve viau bawk. Hruaitu tha ni tur chuan thiamna leh tawnhriatna a pawimawh em em rualin sawihmaih hauh loh tur chu inpekna, dawhtheihna leh midangte nen thawh ho thiamna hi neih a ngai a ni (Bass & Bass, 2008). A chang chuan mize nghet tak nei chunga pawl leh midangte tana inpek ral a ngai fo thin bawk (Jenkins, 2013). Mi thenkhat tan chuan hruaitu ah hian hlawhtlinna a innghat a (Abbasialiya, 2010). Hei vang hian hruaitu ni tur chuan kawng engkim a mi rintlak nih a ngai fo thin (Lamb & McKee, 2004; Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2007). Mahni chauh pawh a mawhphurhna la thin, pawl thatna tura rilru leh tha seng thiam mi an ni bawk thin (Ololube, 2013). Pawl hmasawnna hi thawhhona a innghat ni tho mah se mimal kutah a innghah thui em avangin hruaitu dinhmun hi a pawimawh em em a ni (Northouse, 2007; Rowe, 2007).

            Hruaitu nihna hi mitam tak ngaihven leh intlansiakna ni mah se, inzir thiam harsa tak in zir zawh hleihtheih loh a ni (Abbasialiya, 2010). Hruaitu tha nih dan kawng tam tak a wm a, a tha ber erawh thlan chi a ni lo. Inzir zawh chi pawh niin a lang lo. Chuavang chuan a then a zar kan mamawh dan a zira kan zir a tul a ni.

Hruaitu nih dan (Theory) chi hrang hrang te

1.       Great man theory: Hruaitu nihna leh mizia pianpui hrim hrim an awm.

2.       Trait theory: Mize pian pui piah lama mahni inzir belh an awm.

3.       Contingency theory: A tul anga inher rem thiamna nei tha bik an awm

4.      Situational theory: Dinhmun a zir a thutlukna siam thiam bik an awm

5.       Behavioral theory: Mize thalo paih a mize tha kan nuna lak luh thiam na atangin hruaitu tha tak a nih theih

6.      Participatory: Mi thurawn la a, a tak a chantir thiam riau an awm

7.       Transactional and management theory: Thil titlang ngam bik riau an awm a, hremna pe ngam emaw chawimawina pek thiam mi an awm.

8.      Relationship and Transformational theory: Midang te tana nelawm hrim hrim vanga mi suihkhawm thei riau an awm.

9.      Skills theory: In zir thiam na atangin hruaitu tha tak a nih theih.

Pawl Inkaihhruai dan chi hrang hrangte:

1.       Lewin’s Leadership Style: Kum 1939 khan kurt Lewin a kaihhruaina hnuaiah psychologist ho in zrna an neih ah chuan leadership style chi thum an zir chiang a.

a)     Authoritarian: Hruaitu in member te ah thunei takin thil tih tur, a tih hun tur leh a tih dan tur an hrilh thin. Member te ngaihdan an la lem lova, member ten en an inkarah daidanna fel tak an siam thin. Thutlukna siam hi a fing ber lo fova, mahse thil hman hmawh thlak tih turah erawh chuan a tangkai a hna a sawt thin hle thung.

b)     Democratic/ Participative: Hei hi Kurt Lewin a hian Hruaitu tha ber a tih ang kha a ni. Hruaitu in member te a kaihruai a, thurawn a pek rualin an thu a ngaichang thin. Member ten an ngaihdan an thawh avangin a phur a, pawl tana pawimawh nia an inhriat avangin an ta neih thin. Mizo te pawhin hruaitu tha kan tih ang chi kha an ni duh fo. Authoritarian ai chuan thil tih zung zung a harsa a,

c)      Laissez Faire/ Delegative: Hruaitu in member te kaihhruaina a pe lova inrawlhna a nei mang lova member ten an thuin thil an ti mai thin. Kalphung mumal a awm lova member inkarah in ngeih lohna a awm hma bik. Amaherawhchu mithiam leh tha rual enkawl nan a tangkai hle.

2.       Hershey and Blanchard’s Leadership Style: kum 1969 khan hruaitu nih phung pali an thlirhrang a.

a)     Telling style: Hruaitu in member te tihtur leh hmalakna tur a hrilh thin.

b)     Selling style: Hruaitu in a ngaihdan leh hmathlir te member te hnenah an zuar a, member te hmin an tum thin.

c)      Participating style: Hruaitu inhawn thiam avangin member ten pawl thatna turin ngaihdan an thawh a thutlukna siam naah an tel ve thin.

d)     Delegating style: Hruaitu in kut an sil san a member ten mawhhurhna zawng zawng la in thutlukna member ten thutlukna an siam thin.

3.       Blanchard’s Leadership Style: A hma a kan sawi tak chiah chhunzawmna kha Blanchard hian a siam leh a.

a)     Directing Style: Hruaitu in kawnghmang kawhhmuh vak si lovin thu an pe thin a member te zawm ngei turin an phut bawk thin.

b)     Coaching Style: Hruaitu in member te zawm tur thupek tam tak a pe a, mahse, an zawm a an tihhlawhtlin theihna turin nasa takin an inrawlhin member te kaihhruaina leh tanpui na an pe thin.

c)      Supporting Style: Hruaitu in thupek leh kaihhruaina nei mang lovin nasa takin member te nasa takin an tanpui thin.

d)     Delegating Style: Hruaitu in member te kawng kawhhmuh leh thupek pe vak lovin kaihhruaina pawh an pe lova, a hming in hruaitu an ni.

4.      Transformational: Bernard M Bass an kum 1970 chho vela hruaitu tha ti a alo sawi tawh a ni. Hruaitu fing, thahrui ngah leh phur thei takin member te a kaihruai in fuihphur thiam a, hmasawn na lama hruai turin an thiamna a sang a pawl chauh ni lovin member te pawhin hma an sawn phah thin.

5.       Cross Cultural: Hruaitu huap zo tak in member mi inanglo tak tak te huang khata khung thei turin rilru zau takin pawl a kaihruai thin.

6.      Transactional: Hruaitu thenkhat chuan member te nena inpawh taka awm in member te fak pahin innel takin pawl an hruai thin. Inpawhna a that avangin member te duh ang thalin kaihhruaina an pe thei a, member ten an ngaihtuahna an sengin pawlin a than phah thin.

7.       Situational: Hruaitu thenkhat chuan an hun tawn mek a zirin member kaihhruai dan an thlak thin a. Dinhmun in a nawr angin an in pawt fanin an nghet thin. Hei hi hman reng chi a ni lo nain, a hunlai ang zela hman thiam chuan member te hneh a hruai nan a tangkai hle.

8.      Charismatic and Visionary: Hruaitu thenkhat hi chuan mi an hneh thei a, an thiamna, ngaihtuahna fin leh thil thlir thui avangin member ten hruaitu enin an en a, an thu member in an zawm fo thin.

Hruaitu tha chu…

1.       Inzir peih: Mihring hi hruaitu kher lo pawh hmsawn zel tur leh thil inzir belh zel tur kan ni. A bikin hruaitu ngat te phei hi chu midangte aia kan hriatna kawngah kan inthuam that a ngai a ni. Member te zui tlak leh rin ngam kan nih phak a ngai. Mahni inrintawkna nena pawl kan hruai chuan a hlawk bik a, member te rin pawh kan kai hma bik. Kan hawi zawn chiang takin kan hre tur a ni. Hruaitu chu a inzir piah lamah mahni a in enkawl zahawm thiam tur a ni. Thil a tawk chin a thliar thiam thin tur a ni. Hruaitu chuan eng ang mi nge a hruai a hre chiang fo thin tur a ni. A hruai member te duhzawng leh tuina a hriatloh chuan member tan zui an hahthlak fo thin. Member te chakna leh chaklohna, hnufualna leh hmasawnna lai a chikin a hre thin tur a ni.

2.       Balancing: Mihring hi duh, ngainat zawng, pawm bik riau nei kan nih avangin hruaitu te phei hi chu kan insiam rem zung zung thiam a ngai. Thil reng rengah thlir dan kawng hnih tal kan nei thin tur a ni. Emotion atangin thil kan hmachhawn tur a ni lo. Fim taka ngaihtuahin a nghawng tur leh insenso, a hlawhchham theih dan thlenga fiah taka thlir chungin hma kan la tur a ni. Member te tan pan ngam a nun tam kan neih a tul.

3.       Communication: Thu inhlan leh inhrilh chhawn kawngah hian fimkhur a tul hle. Hruaitu leh hruaitu karah emaw hruaitu leh member inkarah emaw pawh ni se in hre tlang vek a hma lak hi pawlah chuan a daih rei a inpumkhatna bul pakhat a ni. Thu inhlan leh inhrilh chhawn kawngah hian mizo te hi kan taima lo khawp mai, hei hian inpawhna a siam tih hriat a tha hle mai. Thu pahnih khat in bat sual avanga pawl chhiat theih zia hretu te vek kan ni in ka hria. Pawl inkaihhruaina anga information a kal hian lo muang deuh pawh nise a nghet a a fuh bawk thin. Communication chu kawng hnihin thu inhlawn chhawnna a ni tur a ni. Member ten kan thu an ngaihthlak kan duh chuan kan ngaihthlak hmasak a ngai fo thin. Kan thusawi piah lamah an thu kan ngaihthlak loh chuan inkarah inhriatthiam lohna a awm duh hle.

4.      Thil pawimawh thliar thiamna (Prioritization): Pawl tin te hian thil tum leh ngaihpawimawh bik anei theuh a, hei hi hruaitu chuan a hre chiang hle tur a ni. Mimal ngaihpawimawh aiin pawl in a ngaihpawimawh (group interest) kan dah sang zawk fo tur a ni. Mimal ngaihpawimawh zawng kan dahsan chuan inpumkhatna a chhe thin.

5.       Thil thar ngaihtuah thiamna: Pawl a thil thar ching chhuak tur hi chuan hruaitu taima leh phur kan neih a ngai. Mizoram a pawl leh kohhran kan chak loh fo na chu a ngai anga kal kan thlahlel lutuk hi a ni. Hruaitu tha chuan a tul ni a a hriat chuan zirchianna tha tak nen a member hruai te rilru hre ranin thil thar a rawt chhuak ngam thin tur a ni. A la tha tawk a, member ten kan la that pui viau a nih erawh chuan kal dan ngai pawh huaisen takin kan vuan ngam bawk tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, hruaitu nih avanga mahni ngaihdan tih san a, tih tlang phet tum hi pawlin a tuar thin. Member te leh hruaitu pui ten an pawm hun nghah thiam a finthlak hle. Kan ngaihdan leh tha tih mi min pawmpui tura kan duh ang bawkin midang ngaihdan leh tha tih kan pawmpui thiam a ngai.

6.      Thutlukna siam: Pawlin meeting hmanga thutlukna kan siam reng rengin zah tur a ni. A tam zawkin an duh anga rel a nih chuan hruaitu chuan a theihtawpin a hlawhtlin nan a thawk thin tur a ni. Kan ngaihdan leh duhdan a nih loh hian vui a awl thin. Hruaitu anga thutlukna siam a nih reng rengin thil dik leh pawl pumpui thatna zawk ngaihtuah fo tur a ni.  

7.       Hlawhchhamna hmachhawn: Pawl hmalakna ah hian hlawhtlin reng a theih loh a, hlawhchham chang a awm thin. Heng hunah hian hruaitu ten puhmawh tur zawn mai a awl thin. Meeting naah kan duh loh pawh ni se alo hlawhchham hian mahni mawh a lak tham hi hruaitu tha zia a ni. Pawlin harsatna a tawh hian sutkian dan zawn vat a tul hle. Harsatna bul chhui chhuah a, ruahmanna fel tak nena hlawhchham nawn tawhlo tura chet lak tur a ni. Puhmawh tur zawn hi harsatna ti punlun tu mai mai a ni.

8.      Feed back: Pawlah ah hian mumal leh fel taka kan dinhmun inhrilh tawnna tur remchang insiam hi hruaitu inzir zel tan chuan a finthlak hle. Mahni chak lohna hi inhriat a har a, chuangin midang mit hawh a mahni in enlet ngam apiangin zir tur an ngah a, hma pawh an sawn thin. Member ten min sawkselna te hi ngun taka ngaihtuahin, chhan mumal leh fel tak a awm a nih chuan kan zahin kan ngaipawimawh tur a ni. Chhan mumal awm lova tuang tih chhah ve ngawt hi a sawt lo tihna a ni.

Leadership Skills

1.       Ruanhmanna siam (Planning): Ruahmanna siam tih hian tih tur ngaihtuah satliah hi a ni lo tih hriat a tha. Ruanhmanna siam tih hian heng te hi a huam a ni.

a)     Harsatna hriatfiah (Defining issues)

b)     Zirchianna neih (Research), Midang rawn tam a ngai

c)      Tehna (Criteria) siam

d)     A indawt a hmalak dan tur ruahmanna siam (Action Plan)

e)     Thil tihhlawhtlin hun tur bithliah (Timeline)

f)       Kan hmalak dan that zawng tehna siam (Feedback system)

Ruamhmanna siam thiam hi a pawimawh a, hetiang thiamna nei hi pawisa tam tak sengin company te chuan an ruai thin reng a ni. Ruahmanna kan siam in hruaitu te hian heng kan sawi tak te hi kan hre reng tur a ni.

2.       Inrelbawlna (Administration): Pawl tin hian inrelbawl leh inkaihhruai dan kan nei theuh a, heng hi hriat chian a tul hle mai. Pawl inkaihhruaina hnuaiah hruaitu chuan ruahmnna fel tak siam thiam angai.

3.       Controlled emotional involvement: Mihringte hi emotion neia siam kan ni a, amaherawhchu, hruaitu chuan heng emotion te hi kan thunun thei tur a ni. Thu tlukna siam ah te, ruahmanna siam ah te kan phur zawng emaw kan tuina ngawt kan buaipui tur a ni lo. Member tam zawk leh pawlin enge a tuina kan hria in chumi lamah chuan hma kan la thiam tur a ni.

4.      Individualization: Hruaitu chuan member tin mai te hi member an nihna angina kan hlut thiam tur a ni. Mitin mai hian danglamna kan nei theuh a, hrut rual fo hi a finthlak ber lo maithei. Member te tihtheih zawng a inanglo fova, hei vang hian a thiamna nei tam te kan duhsakin kan hlut bik tur tihna a ni lo. Kan theihna theuh te a mihring tel lovin kan ngaisang thiam tur a ni. Mitin te hian hlutna an neih anga kan hmuh thiam hi hruaitu tha nihna pakhat pawimwh tak a ni.

5.       Acceptance and Empathy: Hruaitu tan chuan member te ngaihdan kan ngaihthlak thiam a, an mahni dinhmun kan hriat thiam pui a an mahni a kan inchan thiam a pawimawh a ni. Hemi tel lo hi chuan member te ngaihdan tawmpui a har fo thin. Thurawn tello chuan ruahmanna a hlawhchham thin a, thurawn tam tak nen chuan a hlawhtling thin (Thufingte 15:22)

6.      Organizing: Pawl in ruahmanna nena thil a tih puitlin dawn chuan a taka chet chhuah a ngai fo thin. Thil kan organize dawn hian thil hriat tur pawimawh deuh awm chu mawhphurhna inpek thiam a pawimawh. Organise tih hian thil chi hrang hrang kan duh tih puitlinna tura phuahkhawm leh rem khawm tihna a ni.

7.       Resource management: Hruaitu chuan an pawl chhunga hman theih tur thiamna leh hmanraw eng te nge awm tih a hriat hi a pawimawh em em a ni. Mahni pawl chhung a kan hman tangkai theih ang te hi hman hreh loh a hmantlak tura an hmasawnna te pawh hi kan ngaihtuah tur a ni. Mahni pawl chhungah hman tur resource a awm loh chuan hmun dang ami kan dap in kan pawt lut thiam tur a ni.

8.      Adaptability and Coping: Hruaitu chuan insiamrem theihna nen pawl a kaihruai thiam tur a ni. Kawng engkimah kan duhthusam in a kal theih loh tih kan hriat a, kan pawlin a phak tawk a nih chuan hmasawnna rilru pu pahin kan thlen chin kan pawm thiam a tul hle.

9.      Diagnosis and Treatment: Doctor tha kan tehna chu damdawi chawh fuh leh fuh loha a ni fo. Hruaitu chuan kan pawlin harsatna a tawhin harsatna leh buaina lo awmna chhan dik tak a zawn chhuah thiam angai a, chu harsatna sutkian na tur ruahmanna tha a siam thei tur a ni.

10.   Changkan tur a ni: Changkanna tih hian tunlai hmanraw chhuak thar leh thiamna thar chhuak te hi awmze neiin mimal leh pawl hmasawnna atana hman theih a kawk ber awm e. Member te tan pawh a hruaitu rintlak ni tur chuan member rintlak nih a ngai.

The United States Army (1983) basic principles of leadership

11.    Efficiency: Kan pawl chhunga hna kaihhnawih hrang hrang te hi hruaitu chuan kan thiam nal tur a ni. Member te hruaia hma sawn pui tur chuan keimahni in a hna kaihnawih kan hre chiang tur a ni.

12.    Neitu rilru tuh thiam: Hruaitu tha chuan kan member ten a neitu rilru an put theihna turin hma an la tham tur a ni. Member te ngaihdan la in an mahni ta anga member ten an en theihna tura buatsaih hruaitu ten an thiam tur a ni.

13.    Hruaitu chuan thil a hre chiang anga, kawng a kawhhmuh in hna a zawh pui ang: Hruaitu ni tur chuan mahni hna thiam a, kawngkawhhmuh thiam a hna zawh thleng a hruaitu nih a ngai thin. Member te nena kan inbiakpawh dan a pawimawh hle.

14.   Member te thil chinchang hrilh hriat: Hruaitu te hian kan memberte hnenah kan hmalakna te leh thil chinchang hrim hrim kan hrilh hre fo thin tur a ni. Buaina pumpelh dan tha tak a ni.

15.    Member te hriatchian leh an hamthatna ngaihtuah: Hruaitu chuan kan member te kan hre chiang tur a ni a, a theih chuan an hlawkna leh hamthatna tur ngaihtuah fo tur a ni.

16.   Mahni inhriatchian leh hmasawnna: Mahni kan inhre chiang anga kan hmasawnna tur pawh kan hmu thiam tur a ni.

17.     Thutlukna awmze nei a hun taka siam: hruaitu chuan thutlukna kan siamin awmze nei leh mumal tak a ni tur a ni a, thu tlukna hi hmanhmawh miah lova siam tur a ni a, amaerawhchu a tlai tur a ni lo.

18.   Mawhphurhna: Hruaitu chuan member te ring zo takin mawhphurhna a pe thiam tur a ni a. A tul hunah chuan mawhphurhna a la ngam thin tur a ni.

19.   Entawn tur hnutchhiah: Hruaitu chuan entawn tur khawp a felfai leh tha a hnutchhiah tur a ni a, member te awm dan tur ang leh a aia tha in kan awm fo tur a ni.

20.  A hu hova hmalak: Hruaitu chuan member thenkhat leh hmalakna thenkhat ringawt thlir lovin zavaia hmasawnna a thlir thiam tur a ni. Member te tang ho thiam turin kaihhruaitur a ni. Hmalakna reng rengah theihpatawp chhuah thiam zel a tul.

Tlangkawmna

            Hruaitu nih hi a tam zawkah chuan mahni inpekna (voluntary) a nih avangin a thiam ber ber leh a tling ber ber kan ni lo ang tih chu a rin theih awm e. Mahse ngun takin a pawimawhna ngaihtuah chuan mi zawng zawng thawh theih erawhchu a ni leh si lo. Chuvang chuan hruaitu dinhmun a ding mek te hi hruaitu tlak leh tha zawka inbuatsaihna kan siam pui hi a lo tul ta a ni. Pianpui ni tho mah se mahni inzir chawp theih anih tlat avangin a zir nasa leh thawkrim apiangin hruaitu tha nihna hi chu an thawkchhuak mai dawn a lo ni. Hruaitu tha pakhat ringawt pawhin pawl hmasawnna an thlen thei a nih si chuan pawl hrang hrang baka kohhran leh sawrkar a thuneihna changtu officer te hian hruaitu (Leader) tha zawk ni turin bei ila chuan mipui leh kan ramin hma a sawn ngei ang.